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A glass electrode is a type of ion-selective electrode made of a doped glass membrane that is sensitive to a specific ion. It is an important part of the instrumentation for chemical analysis and physico-chemical studies. In modern practice, widely used membranous ion-selective electrodes (ISE, including glasses) are part of a galvanic cell. The electric potential of the electrode system in solution is sensitive to changes in the content of certain type of ions, which is reflected in the dependence of the electromotive force (EMF) of galvanic element concentrations of these ions. == History == The first studies of glass electrodes (GE) found different sensitivities of different glasses to change of the medium's acidity (pH), due to effects of the alkali metal ions. * 1906 — M. Cremer determined that the electric potential that arises between parts of the fluid, located on opposite sides of the glass membrane is proportional to the concentration of acid (hydrogen ion concentration).〔Cremer, M. Über die Ursache der elektromotorischen Eigenschaften der Gewebe, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Lehre von Polyphasischen Elektrolytketten. — Z. Biol. 47: 56 (1906).〕 * 1909 — S. P. L. Sørensen introduced the concept of pH. * 1909 — F. Haber and Z. Klemensiewicz publicized on 28 January 1909 results of their research on the glass electrode in The Society of Chemistry in Karlsruhe (first publication — The Journal of Physical Chemistry by W. Ostwald and J. H. van 't Hoff) — 1909).〔F. Haber und Z. Klemensiewicz. Über elektrische Phasengrenzkräft. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie. Leipzig. 1909 (Vorgetragen in der Sitzung der Karlsruher chemischen Gesellschaft am 28. Jan. 1909).〕 * 1922 — W. S. Hughes showed that the alkali-silicate GE are similar to hydrogen electrode, reversible with respect to H+.〔W. S. Hughes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 44, 2860. 1922; J. Chem. Soc. Lond., 491, 2860. 1928〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「glass electrode」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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